Which component is used to provide IoT sensors access to the network?

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The ability for IoT sensors to reach the network is controlled by the device’s brain—the component that runs the software and manages communication. The microcontroller acts as this brain, running firmware that collects data from sensors and coordinates how that data is sent over the network, either by including wireless capabilities itself or by controlling an external radio module. The antenna is just the radiating element and needs a radio/transceiver and protocol stack to actually connect; it by itself cannot provide network access. Power from the battery keeps everything running, and a sensor is the data source, not the network conduit. So the microcontroller is the essential piece that enables the sensors to access the network.