PID is a form of control with 3 feedback methods: Proportional, Integral, and Derivative. What is the purpose of each term?

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The main idea is how each term handles error in a control loop. The proportional term uses the present error (how far off you are right now) to produce an immediate correction. The integral term adds up the error over time, so it builds a correction to eliminate any steady-state offset caused by persistent biases or disturbances. The derivative term looks at how quickly the error is changing, providing damping to slow down rapid changes and reduce overshoot and oscillations.

So the description that matches these roles is: the proportional term corrects the present error, the integral term addresses the accumulated error over time, and the derivative term counteracts overshoot by damping based on the rate of change of the error. This explains how a PID controller combines immediate reaction, correction of long-term bias, and damping to stabilize the response.