In _________ the embedded devices and objects working under IoT are resource constrained.

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Embedded IoT devices are designed to be small, energy-efficient, and cost-effective, so they have limited computing power, memory, and battery life. That means software must be lightweight, power is saved through techniques like duty cycling, and communication protocols are chosen for low bandwidth and low energy use. This constraint is a property of the devices themselves across various IoT applications—whether in the home, in healthcare wearables, or in industrial sensors. The term information system, by contrast, usually refers to the broader IT setup that includes servers and databases, which typically have far greater resources. So the key idea being tested is that the hardware running IoT functions must operate under tight resource limits, shaping how the system is designed and implemented.